Capsule contracture 

What is capsular contracture?

When any foreign object is implanted in the body, the body forms a lining of living tissue (called a "capsule") around it.  This is a normal response by the body and is to be expected in all instances of all surgical implants, whether the implant is for breast augmentation or to insert a pacemaker, artificial joints, etc.  Occasionally, the capsule tightens and in the case of breast augmentation, this results in squeezing the implant, distorting the appearance of the breast and making it feel hard.  The following are thought to constitute a higher risk for capsule contracture:

• Contamination – Germ contamination and/or long-term bacterial contamination of the implant shell can cause an inflammatory reaction, leading to capsule shrinkage.
• Sub-glandular placement – Breast implants placed above the muscle tend to have higher capsular contracture rates, versus breast implants placed in behind the muscle, also known as sub-muscular placement.
• Infection - Capsule contracture seems to be more likely following an infection.
• Seroma – A seroma is a pocket of clear serous fluid that sometimes develops in the body after surgery. If you have had seroma, you may be at more risk for capsular contracture.
• Hematoma – A hematoma is a collection of blood, generally the result of hemorrhage, or, more specifically, internal bleeding. Hematomas can cause an inflammatory reaction, which can lead to capsule contracture.
• Smoking – Smoking decreases the oxygen levels in the blood, which could result in delayed healing, and possibly an inflammatory reaction.